Head & neck · Nerve
Trigeminal Nerve
The trigeminal nerve is the main sensory nerve of the face and powers chewing. When it misfires it can cause trigeminal neuralgia — sudden, severe facial pain.
What it is
The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve, with three branches spreading across the face.
Where it runs
From the brainstem, branching across the forehead, cheek and jaw on each side.
What it does
Carries sensation (touch, pain, temperature) from most of the face, and controls the muscles of chewing.
When things go wrong
Common problems affecting the trigeminal nerve
- Trigeminal neuralgia (sudden, severe, shock-like facial pain)
- Numbness from nerve damage
Education and reference only. This explains the anatomy in plain terms and is not a diagnosis. New weakness or numbness, facial drooping, or loss of bladder or bowel control can be an emergency — call 999.
Did you know?
An interesting fact
Trigeminal neuralgia is often described as one of the most severe pains known, triggered by light touch such as brushing the teeth.
Answers
Trigeminal Nerve: frequently asked questions
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
It is sudden, severe, electric-shock-like pain in the face caused by a problem with the trigeminal nerve. It is treatable, so anyone with this kind of facial pain should see a doctor.
Related nerves
Explore head & neck nerves
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Nervous system
- Gray's Anatomy for Students
- TeachMeAnatomy — nervous system
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