Spine · Irregular bone
Vertebral Column (Spine)
The vertebral column, or spine, is the stack of 33 bones (vertebrae) running down the back. It supports the body, allows movement, and protects the spinal cord that carries messages between the brain and body.
What it is
The spine is a flexible column of 33 vertebrae, grouped into regions: 7 neck (cervical), 12 chest (thoracic), 5 lower back (lumbar), 5 fused into the sacrum, and 4 fused into the tailbone (coccyx). Cushioning discs sit between most vertebrae.
Where it is
The midline of the back, from the base of the skull to the tailbone.
What it does
Supports the head and trunk, allows bending and twisting, transmits body weight to the pelvis, and forms a bony canal that protects the spinal cord.
Connections
Joints and connections
- Joints between each vertebra
- Joints with the skull, ribs and pelvis
When things go wrong
Common injuries and conditions
- Back pain (very common)
- Slipped (herniated) disc
- Vertebral fracture (including osteoporotic fractures in older adults)
- Scoliosis (sideways curve)
Education and reference only. This explains the anatomy in plain terms; it is not a diagnosis. A severe injury, a visibly deformed limb, or the inability to move or bear weight needs urgent assessment — call 999 or go to A&E for a serious injury.
Did you know?
An interesting fact
The spine's gentle S-shaped curves act like a spring, absorbing shock and helping you balance upright.
Answers
Vertebral Column: frequently asked questions
How many bones are in the spine?
The spine has 33 vertebrae: 7 in the neck, 12 in the chest, 5 in the lower back, 5 fused as the sacrum, and 4 fused as the tailbone.
What is a slipped disc?
A "slipped" (herniated) disc is when the soft cushion between two vertebrae bulges and presses on a nearby nerve, causing pain that may spread down a limb. Most improve with time and exercise, but new bladder/bowel problems or leg weakness need emergency assessment.
Explore the spine
Related bones
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Anatomy and body systems
- Gray's Anatomy for Students (Drake, Vogl, Mitchell)
- TeachMeAnatomy — skeletal system
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