Medicines for Geographic tongue

What it is

Geographic tongue is a common and completely harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. It causes smooth, red patches, often with slightly raised pale or white borders, which give the tongue a map-like ("geographic") appearance — hence the name. A characteristic feature is that the patches change in shape, size and position over days to weeks, appearing to move around the tongue, as areas heal and new ones form. Usually it causes no symptoms, though some people notice mild discomfort or sensitivity, particularly to hot, spicy, acidic or salty foods. The cause is not known, but it is not an infection, not cancer, and not contagious, and it does not lead to any serious problem. It is more common in some families and can come and go over a person's life. It is diagnosed by its typical appearance.

How it is treated

Geographic tongue needs no treatment, as it is harmless, and the most important part of care is reassurance — understanding that it is a benign condition that is not a sign of anything serious. For the minority who have discomfort or sensitivity, simple measures help: avoiding foods and drinks that seem to trigger soreness (such as spicy, acidic, very hot or salty items), and maintaining good oral hygiene. Sometimes soothing mouthwashes or other simple treatments are suggested for symptoms, but these are only needed if there is discomfort. Because the appearance can occasionally worry people (or be mistaken for something else), a doctor or dentist can confirm the diagnosis. If a patch on the tongue is persistent (does not move or change), or there is a non-healing sore, lump or persistent white or red patch that does not fit the pattern of geographic tongue, that should be checked separately. The reassuring message is that geographic tongue is harmless and usually needs nothing more than reassurance.