Medicines for Male-pattern baldness

What it is

Male-pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia) is by far the most common cause of hair loss in men. It is a normal, harmless process, driven by a combination of genetics (it runs in families) and the effect of male hormones on the hair follicles, which causes them to gradually shrink and produce finer, shorter hairs until they stop. It typically follows a recognisable pattern — a receding hairline at the temples and thinning at the crown, which can progress over years, sometimes starting in the late teens or twenties. The rate and extent vary greatly. It is not a sign of illness and does not affect physical health, but it can affect confidence and self-image for some men. It is diagnosed by its typical pattern; a sudden or patchy loss, or loss with other symptoms, is different and worth checking.

How it is treated

Male-pattern baldness needs no treatment, as it is harmless, and for many men reassurance and acceptance are all that is needed. For those who wish to treat it, there are options that can slow the loss and, in some, partially regrow hair — mainly two treatments: a lotion or foam applied to the scalp, and a tablet that reduces the hormonal effect on the follicles (available on prescription, with the balance of benefits and side effects discussed with a doctor). These treatments work only while used, take months to show effect, and suit some men more than others. Other approaches include hair transplant surgery and cosmetic options such as different hairstyles, wigs or scalp micropigmentation. Because most treatments are cosmetic and not usually available on the NHS, they are often self-funded, so realistic expectations and reliable information matter. The reassuring message is that male-pattern baldness is a normal, harmless process, and options exist for those who want them.