Medicines for Paronychia

What it is

Paronychia is inflammation or infection of the skin fold around a fingernail or toenail. There are two main forms. Acute paronychia comes on quickly, usually from a bacterial infection after minor damage to the skin around the nail (such as biting, picking, or an injury), causing a red, swollen, painful area beside the nail that may develop pus. Chronic paronychia develops slowly and lasts longer, often affecting people whose hands are frequently wet or exposed to irritants (such as cleaners, bar staff or those who have their hands in water a lot), and is linked to irritation and sometimes a yeast; it causes ongoing swelling, tenderness and changes to the nail. Diabetes and some other conditions increase the risk. It is diagnosed by its typical appearance.

How it is treated

Treatment depends on the type. Acute paronychia often settles with simple measures such as warm salt-water soaks and keeping the area clean; if there is pus, it may need to be drained, and antibiotics are used if the infection is more significant or spreading. Chronic paronychia is managed mainly by protecting the hands and reducing exposure to water and irritants — wearing gloves, keeping hands dry, and using barrier creams — as this is central to healing, sometimes alongside treatment for inflammation or a yeast; it can take time to improve. Avoiding nail-biting and picking, and good nail care, help prevent recurrence. Any underlying condition, such as diabetes, is managed. Persistent or severe cases, or uncertainty about the diagnosis, are assessed further. Care is usually guided by a GP or pharmacist.