Medicines for Flat head syndrome

What it is

Flat head syndrome describes a flattening of part of a baby's head, which is common and usually harmless. There are two main patterns: plagiocephaly, where one side or the back of the head is flattened (often making the head look asymmetrical), and brachycephaly, where the back of the head is flattened and the head looks wider. It happens because a baby's skull is soft and still growing, so lying in the same position for long periods — particularly on the back (which is, importantly, the safest sleeping position and should be continued) — can cause the head to flatten where the pressure is. It usually develops in the first few months and is more noticeable then. It can also be associated with a tight neck (torticollis) that makes the baby turn their head to one side. Flat head syndrome is a cosmetic issue and does not affect the brain or the baby's development, and in the vast majority of babies it gradually improves on its own as they grow, spend more time upright and moving, and their skull hardens.

How it is treated

Reassurance is the mainstay, as flat head syndrome is harmless and usually improves by itself. Simple positioning measures help while it settles, without changing safe sleep practice: continuing to place the baby on their back to sleep (which is essential for safety), but encouraging varied positions when awake and supervised — including plenty of "tummy time" (supervised time on the front while awake, which also helps development), alternating the direction the baby lies and the position of toys and interesting things to encourage them to turn their head both ways, and holding and carrying the baby in different positions to take pressure off the flattened area. If there is a tight neck (torticollis) contributing, gentle exercises or physiotherapy can help the baby turn their head both ways. Most babies' heads round out over time with these measures and normal growth. Helmets or headbands are not routinely recommended, as the condition usually resolves without them. If the head shape is very asymmetrical, not improving, or you are worried, a health visitor or GP can advise. The reassuring message is that flat head syndrome is common, harmless, does not affect development, and usually improves on its own with simple positioning and time — while keeping the baby sleeping on their back for safety.