Medicines for Vaginismus

What it is

Vaginismus is when the muscles around the vagina tighten involuntarily whenever penetration is attempted — for example during sex, when inserting a tampon, or at a medical examination. This tightening is not deliberate and can make penetration painful, difficult or impossible, and may cause a burning or stinging sensation. It can be present from the first attempts at penetration, or develop later. It often involves a cycle in which the anticipation of pain leads to muscle tension, which then causes pain, reinforcing the fear. It can be linked to anxiety, previous painful experiences, or other factors, and sometimes no clear cause is found. It can be distressing and affect relationships and self-esteem, but it is a recognised and treatable condition, and people should not feel embarrassed to seek help.

How it is treated

Treatment is usually effective and focuses on breaking the cycle of anticipation, tension and pain. It often combines education and reassurance, techniques to relax and gain control of the pelvic-floor muscles (sometimes with the help of a specialist physiotherapist), and the gradual, self-paced use of vaginal trainers (dilators) to build comfort and confidence. Addressing any underlying anxiety or previous experiences — sometimes with psychosexual counselling or therapy — is an important part, and involving a partner supportively can help. Any physical cause of pain (such as an infection or skin condition) is identified and treated. A sensitive, unhurried approach works best, and most people improve with the right support. Care may involve a GP, specialist physiotherapist, or psychosexual service.