Cancer treatment
Mastectomy
A mastectomy is an operation to remove a breast, most often to treat or prevent breast cancer.
Quick answer
Mastectomy: what it is, why it's done and what happens
A mastectomy removes all of the breast tissue. It may be done alone or with removal of nearby lymph nodes, and can be followed or combined with breast reconstruction.
- Why it is done: It is used to treat breast cancer, particularly when a tumour is large, in more than one area, or when breast-conserving surgery is not suitable, and sometimes to reduce risk in people at very high inherited risk.
- What happens: Under general anaesthetic, the surgeon removes the breast tissue through a cut across the chest, sometimes checking or removing lymph nodes.
What it is
A mastectomy removes all of the breast tissue. It may be done alone or with removal of nearby lymph nodes, and can be followed or combined with breast reconstruction.
Why it is done
It is used to treat breast cancer, particularly when a tumour is large, in more than one area, or when breast-conserving surgery is not suitable, and sometimes to reduce risk in people at very high inherited risk.
What happens
Under general anaesthetic, the surgeon removes the breast tissue through a cut across the chest, sometimes checking or removing lymph nodes. Reconstruction may be done at the same time. It usually takes 1–3 hours.
Recovery
A hospital stay of one to a few days is usual, with drains sometimes in place for a while. Full recovery takes several weeks, and further treatment such as radiotherapy or medicines may follow.
Good to know
Risks and things to consider
Risks include bleeding, infection, fluid collection (seroma), shoulder stiffness and arm swelling (lymphoedema) if lymph nodes are removed. Emotional support is an important part of care.
Education and reference only. This explains the procedure in general terms and is not medical advice. Your own care, risks and recovery will be explained by the team looking after you.
Answers
Mastectomy: frequently asked questions
Can I have reconstruction after a mastectomy?
Yes. Breast reconstruction can be done at the same time as the mastectomy or later, using an implant or your own tissue. Your team will discuss the options that suit you.
Will I need more treatment after surgery?
Often yes. Depending on the cancer, additional treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormone therapy may be recommended to reduce the risk of it returning.
Related
Other cancer treatment
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — procedure and treatment guidance
- Relevant Royal College / professional body
Building patient-education content for procedures?
We create clear, accurate, referenced medical explainers and decision aids for teams and learners.