Blood test
Hepatitis Blood Test
A hepatitis blood test checks for infection with hepatitis viruses (usually B and C), which can inflame and damage the liver.
Quick answer
Hepatitis Blood Test: what it is and what the results mean
A hepatitis blood test looks for evidence of infection with hepatitis viruses — most commonly hepatitis B and C — by detecting viral proteins (antigens), antibodies the body has made, or the virus’s genetic material.
- Why it is done: It is used to diagnose or rule out viral hepatitis in people with abnormal liver tests, symptoms such as jaundice or fatigue, risk factors, or as part of routine screening (for example in pregnancy or before some treatments).
- Understanding results: Results show whether you have a current infection, a past (cleared) infection, or immunity from vaccination.
What it is
A hepatitis blood test looks for evidence of infection with hepatitis viruses — most commonly hepatitis B and C — by detecting viral proteins (antigens), antibodies the body has made, or the virus’s genetic material.
Why it is done
It is used to diagnose or rule out viral hepatitis in people with abnormal liver tests, symptoms such as jaundice or fatigue, risk factors, or as part of routine screening (for example in pregnancy or before some treatments).
What to expect
It is a standard blood test from a vein in the arm, needing no special preparation. Depending on the result, further tests may check whether infection is current, past or immune, and how active it is.
Understanding the results
Results show whether you have a current infection, a past (cleared) infection, or immunity from vaccination. A positive result for active infection leads to further tests and specialist care, as effective treatments are available.
Good to know
Risks and limitations
It is a safe blood test. Interpreting hepatitis results can be complex, needing a panel of markers to tell current from past infection or immunity, so specialist input is often used.
Education and reference only. This explains the test in general terms and is not medical advice. Always follow the specific instructions from the team arranging your test, and discuss your results with your clinician.
Answers
Hepatitis Blood Test: frequently asked questions
Can hepatitis B and C be treated?
Yes. Hepatitis C can usually be cured with a course of tablets, and hepatitis B can be effectively controlled with medicines. Early diagnosis through blood testing allows treatment before serious liver damage develops.
What does it mean if I am immune to hepatitis B?
Immunity usually means you have either been vaccinated or had a past infection that your body cleared, and are now protected. The specific antibody pattern shows which, and your clinician will explain your result.
Related tests
Other blood test investigations
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — diagnostic guidance
- Association for Laboratory Medicine / relevant professional body
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