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Swab Test
A swab test uses a soft cotton-tipped stick to collect a sample from an area such as the throat, nose or a wound, to check for infection.
Quick answer
Swab Test: what it is and what the results mean
A swab test collects cells or fluid on a soft tip from a body surface — such as the throat, nose, skin or a wound — which is then tested in the laboratory to identify infection.
- Why it is done: It is used to diagnose infections and identify the responsible germ — for example a throat swab for a sore throat, a nose or throat swab for viruses, or a wound swab for a skin infection — and to guide treatment.
- Understanding results: If a germ is identified, the result guides whether and which treatment, such as antibiotics, is needed, and sometimes which will work best.
What it is
A swab test collects cells or fluid on a soft tip from a body surface — such as the throat, nose, skin or a wound — which is then tested in the laboratory to identify infection.
Why it is done
It is used to diagnose infections and identify the responsible germ — for example a throat swab for a sore throat, a nose or throat swab for viruses, or a wound swab for a skin infection — and to guide treatment.
What to expect
The swab is gently rubbed over the relevant area for a few seconds. A throat or nose swab may cause brief gagging or tickling, but it is quick and does not usually hurt.
Understanding the results
If a germ is identified, the result guides whether and which treatment, such as antibiotics, is needed, and sometimes which will work best. Some swabs give rapid results, while cultures take longer to grow.
Good to know
Risks and limitations
Swab tests are safe and simple. Occasionally a swab misses an infection if the sample is small or taken at the wrong time, so results are interpreted alongside your symptoms.
Education and reference only. This explains the test in general terms and is not medical advice. Always follow the specific instructions from the team arranging your test, and discuss your results with your clinician.
Answers
Swab Test: frequently asked questions
Does a throat swab hurt?
It does not usually hurt, though rubbing the back of the throat can briefly make you gag or cough. It only takes a few seconds and any discomfort passes quickly.
How long do swab results take?
Some swabs, such as rapid virus tests, give results in minutes, while swabs sent for culture take a day or more to grow and identify the germ. Your clinician will tell you what to expect.
Related tests
Other other investigations
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — diagnostic guidance
- Relevant royal college / professional body
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