Imaging
X-ray
An X-ray is a quick, painless scan that uses a small amount of radiation to create images of the inside of the body — especially bones. It is the standard test for suspected fractures.
Quick answer
X-ray: what it is and what the results mean
An X-ray is a form of imaging that uses low doses of radiation to produce pictures of dense structures inside the body, particularly bones.
- Why it is done: X-rays are used to check for broken bones, look at the chest and lungs (for example in pneumonia), examine joints, and find some other problems such as certain swallowed objects.
- Understanding results: A radiologist examines the images and sends a report to your doctor.
What it is
An X-ray is a form of imaging that uses low doses of radiation to produce pictures of dense structures inside the body, particularly bones.
Why it is done
X-rays are used to check for broken bones, look at the chest and lungs (for example in pneumonia), examine joints, and find some other problems such as certain swallowed objects.
What to expect
You sit, stand or lie while a machine passes a brief burst of X-rays through the body onto a detector. It is painless and takes only minutes. You may be asked to remove metal items or jewellery.
Understanding the results
A radiologist examines the images and sends a report to your doctor. X-rays show bones and some tissues clearly, but soft tissues show less detail than on other scans.
Good to know
Risks and limitations
The radiation dose from a typical X-ray is very small — comparable to a few days of natural background radiation. Tell staff if you are or might be pregnant. X-rays show soft tissues poorly, so other scans are sometimes needed.
Education and reference only. This explains the test in general terms and is not medical advice. Always follow the specific instructions from the team arranging your test, and discuss your results with your clinician.
Answers
X-ray: frequently asked questions
Are X-rays safe?
Yes. A standard X-ray uses a very small radiation dose and the benefit of the diagnosis far outweighs the tiny risk. Always tell staff if you could be pregnant.
What can an X-ray show?
X-rays are especially good for bones (such as fractures) and the chest (such as lung infections). They show soft tissues less clearly than CT or MRI scans.
Related tests
Other imaging investigations
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — diagnostic guidance
- Royal College of Radiologists / relevant professional body
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