Medicines for Pet allergy

What it is

Pet (animal) allergy is a common allergy to proteins found in animals — particularly in their dander (tiny skin flakes), saliva, and urine — rather than, as is often assumed, mainly their fur. Cats and dogs are the most common causes, but allergy can occur to many animals, including rodents, horses and others. The allergens are light and sticky, so they spread easily around the home and can linger on surfaces, clothing and in the air for a long time, even after an animal has gone. Symptoms occur when a sensitive person is exposed and can include sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, itchy, red or watery eyes (allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis), an itchy skin rash where an animal has licked or where there is contact, and, importantly, triggering or worsening of asthma in people prone to it. It is very common and, while not usually dangerous in itself, can significantly affect quality of life, and its link with asthma is important. It is identified from the pattern of symptoms and, where needed, allergy testing.

How it is treated

Management centres on reducing exposure to the animal allergen and treating symptoms, alongside managing any asthma. The most effective single measure is to reduce contact with the animal, though this is often difficult and emotionally hard when it is a family pet. Where a pet is kept, measures can reduce (but not eliminate) exposure — such as keeping the pet out of the bedroom and off soft furnishings, regular cleaning and ventilation, washing hands after contact, and grooming and washing the pet (ideally done by someone without the allergy). Note that no dog or cat breed is genuinely "hypoallergenic". For symptoms, the usual allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis treatments are effective — antihistamines, steroid nasal sprays, and eye drops — and managing any asthma is important. Where symptoms are troublesome despite these, a doctor can advise, and in some cases allergy immunotherapy is considered under specialist care. The reassuring message is that pet allergy is common and manageable with reducing exposure and treating symptoms, though the balance with keeping a beloved pet is a personal decision, especially if asthma is involved.