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Pregnancy Test
A pregnancy test checks for the hormone hCG, which is produced in pregnancy. It can be done with a urine test at home or a blood test, and is very accurate.
Quick answer
Pregnancy Test: what it is and what the results mean
A pregnancy test detects human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a hormone produced during pregnancy. Home tests check urine, while a blood test done in a clinic can also measure the exact level.
- Why it is done: It is used to confirm or rule out pregnancy, to investigate a missed period or possible pregnancy symptoms, and sometimes, using blood levels, to monitor early pregnancy.
- Understanding results: A positive result is highly reliable and indicates pregnancy.
What it is
A pregnancy test detects human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a hormone produced during pregnancy. Home tests check urine, while a blood test done in a clinic can also measure the exact level.
Why it is done
It is used to confirm or rule out pregnancy, to investigate a missed period or possible pregnancy symptoms, and sometimes, using blood levels, to monitor early pregnancy.
What to expect
A home urine test involves collecting urine on a stick or in a pot and reading the result after a few minutes. A blood test is a standard sample from the arm and can be done in a clinic.
Understanding the results
A positive result is highly reliable and indicates pregnancy. A negative result very early on may be inaccurate if taken before hCG has risen enough, so a repeat after a few days is advised if a period is still missed.
Good to know
Risks and limitations
The test is safe. Home tests are very accurate when used correctly, but testing too early or not following instructions can give a false negative, so timing and technique matter.
Education and reference only. This explains the test in general terms and is not medical advice. Always follow the specific instructions from the team arranging your test, and discuss your results with your clinician.
Answers
Pregnancy Test: frequently asked questions
How accurate are home pregnancy tests?
They are very accurate when used correctly from around the time of a missed period. Testing too early, before the hormone has risen, can give a false negative, so a repeat test is advised if in doubt.
When should I take a pregnancy test?
The most reliable time is from the first day of a missed period. Some sensitive tests can detect pregnancy a little earlier, but testing too soon increases the chance of a false negative.
Related tests
Other other investigations
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — diagnostic guidance
- Relevant royal college / professional body
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