Surgery
Splenectomy
A splenectomy is an operation to remove the spleen, often after injury or for certain blood disorders.
Quick answer
Splenectomy: what it is, why it's done and what happens
A splenectomy removes the spleen — an organ that filters blood and helps fight infection. It can be done by keyhole surgery or, especially in emergencies, through an open cut.
- Why it is done: It is used after serious injury that causes bleeding from the spleen, for some blood conditions (such as certain anaemias and low platelet disorders), and occasionally for tumours or a very enlarged spleen.
- What happens: Under general anaesthetic, the spleen is removed either through several small keyhole cuts or one larger cut.
What it is
A splenectomy removes the spleen — an organ that filters blood and helps fight infection. It can be done by keyhole surgery or, especially in emergencies, through an open cut.
Why it is done
It is used after serious injury that causes bleeding from the spleen, for some blood conditions (such as certain anaemias and low platelet disorders), and occasionally for tumours or a very enlarged spleen.
What happens
Under general anaesthetic, the spleen is removed either through several small keyhole cuts or one larger cut. Keyhole surgery is common for planned operations; emergencies often need open surgery.
Recovery
Recovery is quicker after keyhole surgery (often 1–2 weeks) than open surgery. Because the spleen helps fight infection, vaccinations, and sometimes long-term antibiotics, are recommended afterwards.
Good to know
Risks and things to consider
The main long-term issue is a raised risk of serious infection, so vaccines and prompt treatment of infections are important. Surgical risks include bleeding, infection and injury to nearby organs.
Education and reference only. This explains the procedure in general terms and is not medical advice. Your own care, risks and recovery will be explained by the team looking after you.
Answers
Splenectomy: frequently asked questions
Can I live without a spleen?
Yes. Other organs take over most of its functions, but because the spleen helps fight certain infections, you will need specific vaccinations and should seek prompt care for any infection.
Why do I need extra vaccinations after splenectomy?
The spleen helps protect against certain bacteria, so without it you are more vulnerable to serious infections. Vaccinations and sometimes standby antibiotics reduce this risk.
Related
Other surgery
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — procedure and treatment guidance
- Relevant Royal College / professional body
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