Surgery
Stoma Surgery
Stoma surgery creates an opening on the abdomen through which waste (stool or urine) leaves the body into a bag, when the normal route is not usable.
Quick answer
Stoma Surgery: what it is, why it's done and what happens
A stoma is an opening made by bringing part of the bowel (colostomy or ileostomy) or the urinary system (urostomy) to the surface of the abdomen. Waste collects in a pouch worn over it.
- Why it is done: It is used when part of the bowel or bladder must be bypassed or rested — for example after bowel cancer surgery, in inflammatory bowel disease, after injury, or for bladder removal.
- What happens: The stoma is usually formed during another operation under general anaesthetic.
What it is
A stoma is an opening made by bringing part of the bowel (colostomy or ileostomy) or the urinary system (urostomy) to the surface of the abdomen. Waste collects in a pouch worn over it.
Why it is done
It is used when part of the bowel or bladder must be bypassed or rested — for example after bowel cancer surgery, in inflammatory bowel disease, after injury, or for bladder removal. It may be temporary or permanent.
What happens
The stoma is usually formed during another operation under general anaesthetic. The surgeon brings the bowel or ureters to the skin surface and shapes the opening; a stoma nurse marks the best position beforehand.
Recovery
A specialist stoma nurse teaches you how to care for the stoma and change the pouch. Most people adapt over weeks and can return to normal activities, work and exercise with support.
Good to know
Risks and things to consider
Issues can include skin irritation, leakage, a hernia around the stoma, or the stoma narrowing or retracting. Good stoma care and specialist nurse support greatly reduce problems.
Education and reference only. This explains the procedure in general terms and is not medical advice. Your own care, risks and recovery will be explained by the team looking after you.
Answers
Stoma Surgery: frequently asked questions
Is a stoma always permanent?
No. Some stomas are temporary, formed to let the bowel heal and later reversed with another operation. Others are permanent — your surgeon will explain which applies to you.
Can I live a normal life with a stoma?
Yes. With support from a stoma nurse, most people return to work, exercise, travel and normal activities. Modern pouches are discreet and secure.
Related
Other surgery
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — procedure and treatment guidance
- Relevant Royal College / professional body
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