Surgery
Shunt Insertion
A shunt drains excess fluid from around the brain to another part of the body, treating a build-up of pressure (hydrocephalus).
Quick answer
Shunt Insertion: what it is, why it's done and what happens
A shunt is a thin tube with a valve that drains cerebrospinal fluid from the fluid-filled spaces (ventricles) in the brain to another area, usually the abdomen, where it is absorbed. This relieves raised pressure.
- Why it is done: It is used for hydrocephalus — a build-up of fluid on the brain — which can be present from birth, follow bleeding or infection, or develop later in life, causing headaches, sickness and other symptoms.
- What happens: Under general anaesthetic, the surgeon places one end of the tube into a ventricle in the brain and tunnels the rest under the skin to the abdomen (or heart), with a valve controlling the flow.
What it is
A shunt is a thin tube with a valve that drains cerebrospinal fluid from the fluid-filled spaces (ventricles) in the brain to another area, usually the abdomen, where it is absorbed. This relieves raised pressure.
Why it is done
It is used for hydrocephalus — a build-up of fluid on the brain — which can be present from birth, follow bleeding or infection, or develop later in life, causing headaches, sickness and other symptoms.
What happens
Under general anaesthetic, the surgeon places one end of the tube into a ventricle in the brain and tunnels the rest under the skin to the abdomen (or heart), with a valve controlling the flow. It takes 1–2 hours.
Recovery
A hospital stay of a few days is usual, with symptoms often improving as pressure is relieved. The shunt stays in long term and is monitored, as it can occasionally block or need adjusting.
Good to know
Risks and things to consider
Risks include infection, blockage, over- or under-draining, and the shunt needing revision, which is fairly common over a lifetime. Signs of shunt problems need prompt medical review.
Education and reference only. This explains the procedure in general terms and is not medical advice. Your own care, risks and recovery will be explained by the team looking after you.
Answers
Shunt Insertion: frequently asked questions
Is a shunt permanent?
Usually yes, most people need the shunt for life to keep fluid pressure controlled. It can, however, need revising or replacing if it blocks or stops working properly.
What are the warning signs of a shunt problem?
Returning symptoms such as headaches, sickness, drowsiness or the original problems can suggest the shunt is blocked or infected. These need urgent medical assessment.
Related
Other surgery
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — procedure and treatment guidance
- Society of British Neurological Surgeons / relevant professional body
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