Camera test
Cystoscopy
A cystoscopy is a test where a thin camera is passed along the urethra to look inside the bladder. It helps find causes of urinary symptoms and blood in the urine.
Quick answer
Cystoscopy: what it is and what the results mean
A cystoscopy uses a thin tube with a camera, passed through the urethra (the tube you pass urine through), to examine the lining of the bladder and urethra. Small samples or treatments can be done during the test.
- Why it is done: It is used to investigate blood in the urine, recurrent urine infections, bladder pain, difficulty passing urine or an abnormal scan, and to look for and monitor bladder problems including cancer.
- Understanding results: The doctor can often describe what the bladder lining looks like immediately, while any biopsy results take longer.
What it is
A cystoscopy uses a thin tube with a camera, passed through the urethra (the tube you pass urine through), to examine the lining of the bladder and urethra. Small samples or treatments can be done during the test.
Why it is done
It is used to investigate blood in the urine, recurrent urine infections, bladder pain, difficulty passing urine or an abnormal scan, and to look for and monitor bladder problems including cancer.
What to expect
A flexible cystoscopy is usually done awake with local anaesthetic gel and takes only a few minutes; a rigid cystoscopy may be done under general or spinal anaesthetic. You can usually go home the same day.
Understanding the results
The doctor can often describe what the bladder lining looks like immediately, while any biopsy results take longer. Findings guide diagnosis and any further treatment, and are explained afterwards.
Good to know
Risks and limitations
Cystoscopy is generally safe; mild stinging when passing urine and a little blood in the urine for a day or two are common. Urine infection is a less common risk. Contact your team if you develop a fever or cannot pass urine.
Education and reference only. This explains the test in general terms and is not medical advice. Always follow the specific instructions from the team arranging your test, and discuss your results with your clinician.
Answers
Cystoscopy: frequently asked questions
Is a cystoscopy painful?
A flexible cystoscopy with anaesthetic gel usually causes only brief discomfort or stinging rather than pain. Mild stinging when passing urine afterwards is common and settles within a day or two.
What are the side effects after a cystoscopy?
It is normal to have some stinging when passing urine and occasionally a little blood for a day or two. Drinking plenty of fluids helps. Seek advice if you get a fever, worsening pain or cannot pass urine.
Related tests
Other camera test investigations
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — diagnostic guidance
- Royal College of Radiologists / relevant professional body
Building patient-education content for tests or procedures?
We create clear, accurate, referenced medical explainers and decision aids for teams.