Camera test
Gastroscopy (Upper Endoscopy)
A gastroscopy is a test where a thin, flexible camera is passed through the mouth to look at the gullet, stomach and first part of the small intestine.
Quick answer
Gastroscopy (Upper Endoscopy): what it is and what the results mean
A gastroscopy (also called an OGD) uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera, passed through the mouth, to examine the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Small samples (biopsies) can be taken and some treatments carried out during the test.
- Why it is done: It is used to investigate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, persistent indigestion, heartburn, vomiting or bleeding, to look for ulcers, inflammation or cancer, and to treat some problems such as bleeding.
- Understanding results: The endoscopist can often describe findings straight away, such as inflammation or an ulcer, while any biopsy results take longer.
What it is
A gastroscopy (also called an OGD) uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera, passed through the mouth, to examine the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Small samples (biopsies) can be taken and some treatments carried out during the test.
Why it is done
It is used to investigate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, persistent indigestion, heartburn, vomiting or bleeding, to look for ulcers, inflammation or cancer, and to treat some problems such as bleeding.
What to expect
You are asked not to eat for a few hours beforehand. The throat is numbed with a spray, and sedation is often offered. The camera is passed through the mouth; the test itself usually takes about 10–15 minutes.
Understanding the results
The endoscopist can often describe findings straight away, such as inflammation or an ulcer, while any biopsy results take longer. The findings guide diagnosis and treatment, and are explained once you have recovered.
Good to know
Risks and limitations
Gastroscopy is generally safe; the main effects are a temporary sore throat and bloating. Serious complications such as bleeding or a tear are rare. Sedation means you will need someone to take you home.
Education and reference only. This explains the test in general terms and is not medical advice. Always follow the specific instructions from the team arranging your test, and discuss your results with your clinician.
Answers
Gastroscopy (Upper Endoscopy): frequently asked questions
Will I be awake during a gastroscopy?
You can usually choose between a throat spray while awake or sedation to make you drowsy and relaxed. If you have sedation, you will need someone to accompany you home and should not drive that day.
Does a gastroscopy hurt?
It is not usually painful, though it can feel uncomfortable and cause gagging or bloating. The throat spray or sedation helps, and the test itself is quick.
Related tests
Other camera test investigations
Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — diagnostic guidance
- Royal College of Radiologists / relevant professional body
Building patient-education content for tests or procedures?
We create clear, accurate, referenced medical explainers and decision aids for teams.