Camera test
Colposcopy
A colposcopy is a close examination of the cervix using a special magnifying instrument, usually done after an abnormal cervical screening result.
Quick answer
Colposcopy: what it is and what the results mean
A colposcopy uses a colposcope — a lit magnifying device that stays outside the body — to examine the cervix, vagina and vulva in detail. Liquids are applied to highlight any abnormal areas of cells.
- Why it is done: It is most often done to look more closely after an abnormal cervical screening (smear) result or a positive HPV test, to confirm whether abnormal cells are present, take biopsies, and treat pre-cancerous changes before they can develop into cancer.
- Understanding results: The colposcopist can often give an impression at the time, with biopsy results following in a few weeks.
What it is
A colposcopy uses a colposcope — a lit magnifying device that stays outside the body — to examine the cervix, vagina and vulva in detail. Liquids are applied to highlight any abnormal areas of cells.
Why it is done
It is most often done to look more closely after an abnormal cervical screening (smear) result or a positive HPV test, to confirm whether abnormal cells are present, take biopsies, and treat pre-cancerous changes before they can develop into cancer.
What to expect
It is similar to having a smear test. You lie back and a speculum is used to see the cervix; the colposcope magnifies the view from a distance. Liquids may sting slightly, and a small biopsy may be taken. It usually takes 15–20 minutes.
Understanding the results
The colposcopist can often give an impression at the time, with biopsy results following in a few weeks. Results show whether there are abnormal (pre-cancerous) cells and their grade, which determines whether treatment or monitoring is needed.
Good to know
Risks and limitations
It is a safe outpatient test. If a biopsy or treatment is done you may have some cramping and light bleeding or discharge for a few days. It examines the cervix and lower genital tract but does not assess the womb or ovaries.
Education and reference only. This explains the test in general terms and is not medical advice. Always follow the specific instructions from the team arranging your test, and discuss your results with your clinician.
Answers
Colposcopy: frequently asked questions
Does an abnormal screening result mean I have cancer?
No. Most abnormal results show minor cell changes that often clear up or are easily treated. A colposcopy is done to check the cells closely and prevent cancer from developing, not because cancer is expected.
Will I need treatment during the colposcopy?
Sometimes treatment to remove abnormal cells is done at the same visit; other times a biopsy is taken first and treatment arranged later. The colposcopist will explain what is planned for you.
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Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — diagnostic guidance
- Relevant royal college / professional body
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