Camera test
ERCP
An ERCP combines an endoscopy with X-rays to examine and treat problems in the bile ducts and pancreatic duct, such as gallstones or blockages.
Quick answer
ERCP: what it is and what the results mean
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) uses an endoscope passed through the mouth to the small bowel, where dye is injected into the bile and pancreatic ducts and X-rays are taken. It is both a diagnostic and treatment procedure.
- Why it is done: It is used to find and treat blockages of the bile or pancreatic ducts — for example removing gallstones stuck in the ducts, placing a stent to relieve a blockage caused by a tumour, or investigating jaundice and duct problems.
- Understanding results: The doctor can often explain what was found and treated soon afterwards.
What it is
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) uses an endoscope passed through the mouth to the small bowel, where dye is injected into the bile and pancreatic ducts and X-rays are taken. It is both a diagnostic and treatment procedure.
Why it is done
It is used to find and treat blockages of the bile or pancreatic ducts — for example removing gallstones stuck in the ducts, placing a stent to relieve a blockage caused by a tumour, or investigating jaundice and duct problems.
What to expect
You fast beforehand and are usually given sedation or general anaesthetic. The endoscope is passed down to the small bowel; dye and instruments are used through it while X-rays are taken. It usually takes 30–60 minutes, and you are monitored afterwards.
Understanding the results
The doctor can often explain what was found and treated soon afterwards. Findings may include stones, narrowing or blockage of the ducts, and treatments such as stone removal or stent placement are often done during the same procedure.
Good to know
Risks and limitations
ERCP carries a higher risk than simple endoscopy, including inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), bleeding, infection or a tear. It is increasingly reserved for treatment, with MRCP (an MRI scan) often used first for diagnosis.
Education and reference only. This explains the test in general terms and is not medical advice. Always follow the specific instructions from the team arranging your test, and discuss your results with your clinician.
Answers
ERCP: frequently asked questions
What is the difference between ERCP and MRCP?
MRCP is a non-invasive MRI scan used mainly to look at the ducts, while ERCP is an invasive procedure that can both look at and treat duct problems. MRCP is often done first for diagnosis.
What are the main risks of ERCP?
The most notable risk is pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), along with bleeding, infection and, rarely, a tear. Your team will explain how these are minimised and monitored.
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Sources
Where this is drawn from
- NHS — Tests and treatments
- NICE — diagnostic guidance
- Relevant royal college / professional body
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